Jesus says in Matt 5:17: “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them.” There are 2 covenants referenced: the Mosaic covenant of the Torah and the Davidic covenant in the Books of the Prophets esp. 2 Sam 7. Allah (swt) sent Jesus to restore the Torah established by the Hasmoneans as the religious laws governing the Kingdom of Judah. The Romans and their Jewish collaborators (the Temple authority) had overthrown these laws in favor of Roman law and governance.
The Hasmoneans were a Jewish priestly family (descendants of Hasmoneus) who led the successful Maccabean Revolt (c. 167–160 BCE) against the Seleucid (Greek) Empire’s oppression, establishing an independent Jewish kingdom (Hasmonean dynasty) in Judea from roughly 140 BCE to 63 BCE. The Hasmoneans instituted the Torah as the law of Judea, rededicated the Temple, expanded territory, and ruled as kings and high priests before Roman conquest.
The Davidic covenant in 2 Samuel 7 is a cornerstone Messianic prophecy, especially verses 12-16, which promise an eternal dynasty from David’s line and an everlasting earthly kingdom, Despite the fact that neither an eternal dynasty or everlasting kingdom were established by Jesus, Christian doctrine assign the fulfillment of these promises to Yeshua Bar Yosef, aka Jesus son of Joseph. The Jewish tradition sees the Davidic pointing to the future Mashiach ben David who will establish the eternal kingdom, interpreting the verses as dual prophecies for Solomon and the Messiah.
The Davidic covenant specifically states: “When your days are fulfilled and you (David) lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your (male) seed after you, WHO SHALL COME FROM YOUR BODY, and I will establish his kingdom.” It is more than clear that the Messiah was to be a BIOLOGICAL, PATRILINEAL DESCENDANT OF DAVID. Saying that Jesus was ‘sired’ by a deity or he had no human father, which means that he was not a male descendant of David, immediately disqualifies him from the role of Messiah. In other words, Christians do not believe in the Biblical Messiah. They do believe in a Greco Roman deity inspired by the mythology of Perseus who was sired by Zeus on the virgin Danae.
Christians counter this argument by falsely claiming that Jesus’ mother, Mary, was from the line of David. However, the Quran clarifies the lineage of Mary as a Levite from the line of Aaron (Haroun). ACCORDING TO THE QURAN, MARY WAS A LEVITE WHO MARRIED A MAN FROM THE TRIBE OF JUDAH AFTER THE ANNUNCIATION: At the time Mary lived and Jesus was born, Palestine had been under Greek and Roman occupation for more than 300 years. Due to the cultural influence of Greece and Rome, the Jewish cultural elite had become hellenized; a process which involved the adaptation of Greco-Roman myths into the Jewish culture.
One of the most predominant myths was the Greek Heroes, as Perseus and Heracles, Sired By Zeus Upon A Virgin Myth. This myth was applied by the thoroughly hellenized Gospel authors to the biography of Jesus. The myth was strongly opposed by conservative Jews as Justin Martyr explains in his contemporaneous Dialogue with Trypho, Chapter 67. As is explained in the Gospel according to Matthew, 5:17-19, Allah (swt), sent Jesus, the Messiah, to overthrow this massive hellenization of Palestinian culture and return it to the covenants of Moses (the Torah or Law) and David (the Navvim or Prophets). Rome was victorious in Palestine and the Church adopted the hellenized version of Jesus’ biography. However, Allah (swt) sent Muhammad to relate the true biography of Jesus including the manner of his birth.
The Quran confirms that Mary was either married but had not yet cohabited with her husband or she had not yet entered into a marriage contract. in Quran 3:45 which says: ” [And mention] when the angels said, “O Mary, indeed Allah gives you good tidings of a word from Him, whose name will be the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary – distinguished in this world and the Hereafter and among those brought near [to Allah].” Here Gabriel is telling Mary that she was to be the mother of the messiah. According to 2 Samuel 7, the messiah was to be a patrilineal descendant of David who was from the tribe of Judah. Quran says that Mary was from the tribe of Levi. According to Quran 3:35, Mary’s mother is described as a ‘woman of Imran (biblical Amram)”.
Imran (Amram) was from the tribe of Levi and the father of Moses, Aaron and Miriam. Mary is thus designated as a ‘sister of Aaron’ because she is also from the tribe of Levi. (Quran 19:28) The Gospel of Luke describes Mary’s cousin in a similar manner when it states her kinswoman, Elizabeth, was ‘from the daughters of Aaron’ (Luke 1:36). So, the Quran declares through the annunciation of the messiah, that Mary, a Levite was either married or about to be married to a man from the tribe of Judah who was one of the many patrilineal descendants of David. Jesus would not have fulfilled the requirements of the messiah unless his mother was married to a descendant of David who would be his biological father. The genealogies of Jesus in the gospels of Matthew and Luke confirm that Jesus’ biological father was from the tribe of Judah. Quran is always correct and precise.
Jesus was sent to establish a ‘kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ To do this he had to rid the temple of the Roman collaborating temple authority, rid Palestine of the Romans and re-institute the Covenant of Moses so that the Hasmoean Torah inspired law would be re-established and applied in spirit as well as in the letter of the law. The temple authority as well as the common folk rejected Jesus (Matt 27). Matthew 21: 42-46 says: Jesus said to them, “Have you never read in the Scriptures:“‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone; the Lord has done this, and it is marvelous in our eyes?43 “Therefore I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people who will produce its fruit. 44 Anyone who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces; anyone on whom it falls will be crushed.” 45 When the chief priests and the Pharisees heard Jesus’ parables, they knew he was talking about them. 46 They looked for a way to arrest him, but they were afraid of the crowd because the people held that he was a prophet.”
So, because the temple authority and the people both rejected Jesus, the ‘kingdom of God’ (the covenant) was taken from them and given to the nation that produced the fruits of the covenant. That nation was the nation of Muhammad (mhmdym in Songs 5).
Muhammad’s ummah was a nation and not a kingdom. The Israelites established a kingdom against the wishes of Allah (swt) according to 1 Sam 8: “And the Lord told him (Samuel): “Listen to all that the people are saying to you; it is not you they have rejected, but they have rejected me as their king. 8 As they have done from the day I brought them up out of Egypt until this day, forsaking me and serving other gods, so they are doing to you.”
The Jewish kingdom was doomed to failure because it was established in an effort to substitute a human king for the kingship of Allah (swt), the only King or absolute ruler. Islam was founded as a nation without either kings or priests to honor the fact that Allah (swt) is the absolute ruler and the only authority. The priesthood was not re-established because mankind was made fully responsible for his own actions so there was no need for a sacrificial system in which the wealthy gained divine pardon while the poor suffered in sin because they could not afford the animal sacrifices needed to atone for their sins